Maternal
health of the six million
plus cities of Uttar Pradesh (UP) State of India has been discussed
here. These cities are Lucknow
(capital), Kanpur, Agra, Meerut, Varanasi and Allahabad. These six cities together account
for about one fourth of urban population of UP. And this state is having the
highest population among all the states of India.
LUCKNOW
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. It has always been a multicultural city. Lucknow district has the second highest urban
population (over 66%) in the State. Also
Lucknow city is one of the six million plus cities of the State. This metro city is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow
Division. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its
administrative, trading, tourism based economic activities. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Lucknow City is 2,815,601. The sex ratio of Lucknow
City is 915 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 901 per 1000 boys. About 43.48% population of Lucknow is urban. As
per provisional reports of Census India, population of Lucknow City in 2011 is 2,815,601; of which male and female
are 1,470,133 and 1,345,468 respectively. Although Lucknow city has population
of 2,815,601; its urban /
metropolitan population is 2,901,474 of which 1,518,951 are males and 1,382,523
are females.
Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, maternal
health of urban Lucknow district is presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Lucknow
city was estimated at 2.4 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever
born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by
26.6% only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as
64.5%. Further as high as 59% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The
girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 2.3%.
53% reported using any family planning
method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization - 17%
and condoms as 20%. The use of IUD was just 2.6% and pills 4%. The traditional method was reported as being
used by 9%. The total unmet need for family planning was 31%, 14.6% for spacing
and 16.6% for limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante
natal check up were 93%, only 19% had full ANC. Around 50% of pregnant women
received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one
TT received by 92%, BP taken 86%, blood examination for Hb 84%, underwent
ultrasound 78%. Though 76% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 21%.
Delivery Care
About 81% of deliveries in Lucknow were
conducted in institutions, of which 38% were in Government institutions and 43%
in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 18% of which 48% were
conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 61%, about
two-third being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because
of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 24% of the cases
the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 74%
mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 29% of mothers availed
financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and 72% of mothers availed
financial assistance for government institutional delivery.
KANPUR
Kanpur is the largest city and Industrial
Capital of Uttar Pradesh and also
is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur
Nagar and Kanpur Dehat districts and of
Kanpur division. It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India. According to the 2011 Indian census,
Kanpur city has a population of 2,767,031 and is the twelfth-most
populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in
the state of Uttar
Pradesh.
It has a metropolitan area of over
1,640 square kilometers and a city area of around 829 km2. As per census 2011, the urban population of Kanpur Nagar district is 3,015,129 which is over 6.78
percent of the total state’s urban population. About 65.93 % population
of Kanpur Nagar is urban.
Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, maternal
health of urban Kanpur Nagar district is presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Kanpur
city was estimated at 2.5 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever
born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by
30% only, but women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 67%.
Further as high as 42% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls
marrying below the legal age of 18 years were less than 2%.
About 55 percent reported using any
family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were condom as
24% and female sterilization 10%. The use of IUD was about 2% and pills about 5%. The traditional method was reported as being
used by 14%. The total unmet need for family planning was 24%, 11% for spacing
and 13% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal
check up were 85%, only 19% had full ANC. Around 35% of pregnant women received
ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT
received by 83%, BP taken 69%, blood examination for Hb 60%, underwent
ultrasound 53%. Though 59% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 23%.
Delivery Care
About 60% of deliveries in Kanpur were
conducted in institutions, of which 20% were in Government institutions and 39%
in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 40% of which 59% were
conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 51%, about
two third being conducted in private institutions.
It
is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional
deliveries, in over one third of the cases the stay in the hospital after
delivery was less than 24 hours. About 72% mothers received post natal care and
new born were also checked.
Importantly, 14% of mothers availed
financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and 63% of mothers availed
financial assistance for government institutional delivery.
AGRA
Agra is one of the major one and a half
million plus cities of Uttar
Pradesh state in India. It is the fourth largest urban
agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh as per the 2011 census population
statistics. Agra,
the former capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in state of Uttar
Pradesh. It is 363 kilometres west of
state capital, Lucknow and 200
kilometres south of the national capital, New
Delhi. Because 80 percent of the
city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India. The population of Agra city
is 1,574,542. The sex ratio of Agra city is 853 females
per 1000 males. As per Census 2011, the child sex ratio is 772 per 1000 boys.
Based on the results of Annual Health
Survey, 2010, maternal health of urban Agra
district is presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Agra city
was estimated at 3.2 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born
to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 50%
only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 73%.
Further as high as 24% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18
years were only 5.5%.
About 63% reported using any family
planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization
24% and condoms as 12%. The use of IUD was just 1.3% and pills 3.4%. The traditional method was reported as being
used by 22%. The total unmet need for family planning was 20%, 13% each for
spacing and 7% for limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante
natal check up were 84%, only 4% had full ANC. Around 49% of pregnant women
received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one
TT received by 83%, BP taken 45%, blood examination for Hb 34%, underwent
ultrasound 41%. Though 43% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more were only 6%.
Delivery Care
About 63% of deliveries in Agra were
conducted in institutions, of which over 16% were in Government institutions and
47% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 37% of which 30%
were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 29%,
of these 70% being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because
of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 56% of the cases
the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 69%
mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 14% of mothers availed
financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and about 57% among those were
who delivered at Govt. Institutions and got such benefits.
VARANASI
Varanasi is another million plus city
of the State. It is head quarter of the
Varanasi district and Varanasi Division.
It is also commonly known Banaras and Kashi.
It is a city
situated on the banks of the Ganges in the State and is 320 kilometres
southeast of state capital Lucknow.
It is regarded as a holy ity by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains.
It is one of the oldest
continuously inhabited cities in the world and
the oldest in India.
The Varanasi city is among the top six
cities of the state in terms of total population. As per provisional reports of Census India,
population of Varanasi City in 2011
is 1,201,815; of which males and females are 636,860 and 564,955 respectively.
The sex ratio of Varanasi city is 887 females per 1000 males.
Based on the results of Annual Health Survey,
2010, the maternal health of urban Varanasi
district is presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Varanasi city
was estimated at 3.0 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born
to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 40%
only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 81%.
Further as high as 45% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls
marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 3.7%.
About 62 percent reported using any
family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female
sterilization 23% and condoms as 12%. The use of IUD and pills was about 3% each. The traditional method was reported as being
used by 20%. The total unmet need for family planning was 18%, 10% for spacing
and 8% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante
natal check up were 93%, only 13% had full ANC. Around 28% of pregnant women
received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one
TT received by 92%, BP taken 57%, blood examination for Hb 42%, underwent
ultrasound 45%. Though 60% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 14%.
Delivery Care
About 70% of deliveries in Varanasi
were conducted in institutions, of which 19% were in Government institutions
and 49% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 30% of which 35%
were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 54%,
about two third are being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because
of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about one half of the
cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 92%
mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 13% of mothers availed
financial assistance for deliveries. Those who delivered in Govt. Institutions,
64% received financial assistance under JSY.
MEERUT
Meerut is one of the major million plus
cities and an administrative headquarters of Meerut district. It is also an ancient city with settlements dating
back to the Indus Valley
civilization having been found in
and around the area. The city lies 70 km northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km northwest
of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the second largest city in the National Capital Region of India (the
largest being Delhi), the 16th
largest metropolitan area and 25th largest
city in India. It ranked 292 in
2006 and 242 in 2010 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the
world. The city covers an area of about 172 km2 while the total area is 198 km2,
third largest in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur and Lucknow. As per provisional reports of Census
India, population of Meerut City in
2011 is 1,309,023; of which males and females are 689,567 and 619,456
respectively. The sex ratio of Meerut City
is 898 per 1000 males.
Based on the results of Annual Health
Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Meerut district is presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Meerut
city was estimated at 3.4 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever
born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by
48% only and women with 2 children wanting no more children was as high as 74%.
Further as high as 27% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls
marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 2.2%.
About 55% reported using any family
planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female
sterilization 20% and condom as 17%. The use of IUD was about 1.3% and pills
about 3%. The traditional method was
reported as being used by 13%. The total unmet need for family planning was
27%, 16% for spacing and 11% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante
natal check up were 89%, only 9% had full ANC. Around 36% of pregnant women
received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least
one TT received by 87%, BP taken 50%, blood examination for Hb 31%, underwent
ultrasound 43%. Though 60% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 10%.
Delivery Care
About 48% of deliveries in Meerut were
conducted in institutions, of which 14% were in Government institutions and 33%
in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 52% of which 33% were
conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 36%. Of
these 76% were conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because
of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in only 53% of the cases
the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 85%
mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 8% of mothers availed
financial assistance for deliveries. These who delivered at Govt. Institutions
57 percent availed JSY.
ALLAHABAD
Allahabad
is another major city in the Indian
state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative
headquarters of the Allahabad
District. It is the second-oldest city in India. Allahabad is the sixth most populous city in Uttar Pradesh, with an estimated
population of 1.12 million living in the city area. Its area is 63.07 km2. Allahabad is also known as the "city of
prime ministers" because post independence 7 out of 13 prime ministers of
India belonged to Allahabad ( Jawaharlal
Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra
Shekhar). All these seven leaders were either born in Allahabad, were alumni of
Allahabad University, or got elected from a constituency in Allahabad.
As per
provisional reports of Census India, population of Allahabad city in 2011 is
1,117094; of which males and females are 601,363 and 515,731 respectively. The
sex ratio of Allahabad city is 858 per 1000 males.
Based on the results of Annual Health
Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Allahabad district is presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Allahabad
city was estimated at 2.8 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever
born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by
31% only and women with 2 children wanting no more children was as high as 80%.
Further as high as 36% of births had interval of 36 months or more the girls
marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 1.2%.
About 59% reported using any modern family
planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization
21% and condom as 17%. The use of IUD was just 1% and pills about 1.3%. The traditional method was reported as being
used by 17%. The total unmet need for family planning was 16%, 8% each for
spacing and limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante
natal check up were 89%, only 4.5% had full ANC. Around 29% of pregnant women
received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least
one TT received by 87%, BP taken 64%, blood examination for Hb 55%, underwent
ultrasound 58%. Though 53% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 6%.
Delivery Care
About 71% of deliveries in Allahabad were
conducted in institutions, of which 15% were in Government institutions and 55%
in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 29% of which about 43%
were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 47%,
more than 72% being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because
of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 46% of the cases
the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 97%
mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 11% of mothers availed
financial assistance for deliveries. These who delivered at Govt. Institutions
73 percent availed JSY.
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