Saturday, February 16, 2013

Maternal health of six million plus cities of Uttar Pradesh – a highest populated State of India



Maternal health of the six million plus cities of Uttar Pradesh (UP) State of India has been discussed here.  These cities are Lucknow (capital), Kanpur, Agra, Meerut, Varanasi and Allahabad. These six cities together account for about one fourth of urban population of UP. And this state is having the highest population among all the states of India.

LUCKNOW

Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh.  It has always been a multicultural city.  Lucknow district has the second highest urban population (over 66%) in the State.  Also Lucknow city is one of the six million plus cities of the State. This metro city is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its administrative, trading, tourism based economic activities.  As per provisional reports of Census India,   population of Lucknow City is 2,815,601. The sex ratio of Lucknow City is 915 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 901 per 1000 boys. About 43.48% population of Lucknow is urban. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Lucknow City in 2011 is 2,815,601; of which male and female are 1,470,133 and 1,345,468 respectively. Although Lucknow city has population of 2,815,601; its urban / metropolitan population is 2,901,474 of which 1,518,951 are males and 1,382,523 are females. 

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, maternal health of urban Lucknow district is presented as below.           
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Lucknow city was estimated at 2.4 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 26.6% only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 64.5%. Further as high as 59% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 2.3%.
53% reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization - 17% and condoms as 20%. The use of IUD was just 2.6% and pills 4%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 9%. The total unmet need for family planning was 31%, 14.6% for spacing and 16.6% for limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 93%, only 19% had full ANC. Around 50% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 92%, BP taken 86%, blood examination for Hb 84%, underwent ultrasound 78%. Though 76% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 21%.
Delivery Care
About 81% of deliveries in Lucknow were conducted in institutions, of which 38% were in Government institutions and 43% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 18% of which 48% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 61%, about two-third being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 24% of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 74% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 29% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and 72% of mothers availed financial assistance for government institutional delivery.

KANPUR


Kanpur is the largest city and Industrial Capital of Uttar Pradesh and also is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar and Kanpur Dehat districts and of Kanpur division. It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India.  According to the 2011 Indian census, Kanpur city has a population of 2,767,031 and is the twelfth-most populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometers and a city area of around 829 km2.  As per census 2011, the urban population of Kanpur Nagar district is 3,015,129 which is over 6.78 percent of the total state’s urban population. About 65.93 % population of Kanpur Nagar is urban.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, maternal health of urban Kanpur Nagar district is presented as below.           
     
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Kanpur city was estimated at 2.5 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 30% only, but women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 67%. Further as high as 42% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were less than 2%.
About 55 percent reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were condom as 24% and female sterilization 10%. The use of IUD was about 2% and pills about 5%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 14%. The total unmet need for family planning was 24%, 11% for spacing and 13% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 85%, only 19% had full ANC. Around 35% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 83%, BP taken 69%, blood examination for Hb 60%, underwent ultrasound 53%. Though 59% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 23%.
Delivery Care
About 60% of deliveries in Kanpur were conducted in institutions, of which 20% were in Government institutions and 39% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 40% of which 59% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 51%, about two third being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in over one third of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 72% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 14% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and 63% of mothers availed financial assistance for government institutional delivery.
AGRA

Agra is one of the major one and a half million plus cities of Uttar Pradesh state in India. It is the fourth largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh as per the 2011 census population statistics.  Agra, the former capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in state of Uttar Pradesh.  It is 363 kilometres west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres south of the national capital, New Delhi. Because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India.  The population of Agra city is 1,574,542. The sex ratio of Agra city is 853 females per 1000 males. As per Census 2011, the child sex ratio is 772 per 1000 boys.
Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, maternal health of urban Agra district is presented as below.             
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Agra city was estimated at 3.2 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 50% only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 73%. Further as high as 24% of births had interval of 36 months or more.  The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 5.5%.
About 63% reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization 24% and condoms as 12%. The use of IUD was just 1.3% and pills 3.4%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 22%. The total unmet need for family planning was 20%, 13% each for spacing and 7% for limiting.

Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 84%, only 4% had full ANC. Around 49% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 83%, BP taken 45%, blood examination for Hb 34%, underwent ultrasound 41%. Though 43% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more were only 6%.

Delivery Care
About 63% of deliveries in Agra were conducted in institutions, of which over 16% were in Government institutions and 47% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 37% of which 30% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 29%, of these 70% being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 56% of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 69% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 14% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and about 57% among those were who delivered at Govt. Institutions and got such benefits.

VARANASI

Varanasi is another million plus city of the State.  It is head quarter of the Varanasi district and Varanasi Division.  It is also commonly known Banaras and KashiIt is a city situated on the banks of the Ganges in the State and is 320 kilometres southeast of state capital Lucknow. It is regarded as a holy ity by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the oldest in India.
The Varanasi city is among the top six cities of the state in terms of total population.  As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Varanasi City in 2011 is 1,201,815; of which males and females are 636,860 and 564,955 respectively. The sex ratio of Varanasi city is 887 females per 1000 males.


Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Varanasi district is presented as below.             
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Varanasi city was estimated at 3.0 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 40% only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 81%. Further as high as 45% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 3.7%.

About 62 percent reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization 23% and condoms as 12%. The use of IUD and pills was about 3% each.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 20%. The total unmet need for family planning was 18%, 10% for spacing and 8% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 93%, only 13% had full ANC. Around 28% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 92%, BP taken 57%, blood examination for Hb 42%, underwent ultrasound 45%. Though 60% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 14%.

Delivery Care
About 70% of deliveries in Varanasi were conducted in institutions, of which 19% were in Government institutions and 49% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 30% of which 35% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 54%, about two third are being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about one half of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 92% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 13% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries. Those who delivered in Govt. Institutions, 64% received financial assistance under JSY.

MEERUT


Meerut is one of the major million plus cities and an administrative headquarters of Meerut district.  It is also an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization having been found in and around the area. The city lies 70 km northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km northwest of the state capital, Lucknow.  It is the second largest city in the National Capital Region of India (the largest being Delhi), the 16th largest metropolitan area and 25th largest city in India. It ranked 292 in 2006 and 242 in 2010 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world. The city covers an area of about 172 km2 while the total area is 198 km2, third largest in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur and Lucknow. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Meerut City in 2011 is 1,309,023; of which males and females are 689,567 and 619,456 respectively. The sex ratio of Meerut City is 898 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Meerut district is presented as below.             
Fertility

The Total Fertility Rate for Meerut city was estimated at 3.4 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 48% only and women with 2 children wanting no more children was as high as 74%. Further as high as 27% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 2.2%.
About 55% reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization 20% and condom as 17%. The use of IUD was about 1.3% and pills about 3%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 13%. The total unmet need for family planning was 27%, 16% for spacing and 11% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 89%, only 9% had full ANC. Around 36% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 87%, BP taken 50%, blood examination for Hb 31%, underwent ultrasound 43%. Though 60% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 10%.
Delivery Care
About 48% of deliveries in Meerut were conducted in institutions, of which 14% were in Government institutions and 33% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 52% of which 33% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 36%. Of these 76% were conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in only 53% of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 85% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 8% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries. These who delivered at Govt. Institutions 57 percent availed JSY.

ALLAHABAD

Allahabad is another major city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District. It is the second-oldest city in India.  Allahabad is the sixth most populous city in Uttar Pradesh, with an estimated population of 1.12 million living in the city area. Its area is 63.07 km2.  Allahabad is also known as the "city of prime ministers" because post independence 7 out of 13 prime ministers of India belonged to Allahabad ( Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra Shekhar). All these seven leaders were either born in Allahabad, were alumni of Allahabad University, or got elected from a constituency in Allahabad.
As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Allahabad city in 2011 is 1,117094; of which males and females are 601,363 and 515,731 respectively. The sex ratio of Allahabad city is 858 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Allahabad district is presented as below.             
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Allahabad city was estimated at 2.8 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 31% only and women with 2 children wanting no more children was as high as 80%. Further as high as 36% of births had interval of 36 months or more the girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 1.2%.
About 59% reported using any modern family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization 21% and condom as 17%. The use of IUD was just 1% and pills about 1.3%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 17%. The total unmet need for family planning was 16%, 8% each for spacing and limiting.

Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 89%, only 4.5% had full ANC. Around 29% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 87%, BP taken 64%, blood examination for Hb 55%, underwent ultrasound 58%. Though 53% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 6%.

Delivery Care
About 71% of deliveries in Allahabad were conducted in institutions, of which 15% were in Government institutions and 55% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 29% of which about 43% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 47%, more than 72% being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 46% of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 97% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 11% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries. These who delivered at Govt. Institutions 73 percent availed JSY.

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