Saturday, February 16, 2013

Maternal health of four major million plus cities of Madhya Pradesh – one of the troublesome EAG State of India



Maternal health of the four major million plus cities of Madhya Pradesh (MP) State of India has been discussed here.  These four major million plus cities of Madhya Pradesh State of India are: Indore, Bhopal, Jabalpur and Gwalior.


INDORE

Indore is the largest city, the commercial capital and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th largest city in the world. Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). 
Indore Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the highest population in the State. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Indore City is 1,960,631. The sex ratio of Indore City is 921 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 886 per 1000 boys.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Indore district is presented as below.           
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Indore city was estimated at 3.0 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 25% only, but women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 59%. Further as high as 56% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were less than 3%.
About two-third reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization - 38% and condom as 17%. The use of IUD was about 1% and pills about 5%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 4%. The total unmet need for family planning was 20%, 9% for spacing and 11% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 98%, only 33% had full ANC. Around 48% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 98%, BP taken 95%, blood examination for Hb 94%, underwent ultrasound 88%. Though 89% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 35%.
Delivery Care
About 93% of deliveries in Indore were conducted in institutions, of which 46% were in Government institutions and 47% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 7% of which 55% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 46%, over two third being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about one third of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 91% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 40% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and 81% of mothers availed financial assistance for government institutional delivery.

BHOPAL

Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh.  Bhopal district has the highest urban population (over 80%).  Also Bhopal city is one of the million plus cities of the State. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its administrative, trading, tourism based economic activities. Bhopal is a fascinating amalgam of scenic beauty, old historic city and modern urban planning.  The two lakes of Bhopal still dominate the city, and are indeed its nucleus.  Bhopal today presents a multi-faceted profile;   the old city with its marketplaces and fine old mosques and palaces still bears the aristocratic imprint of its former rulers, among them the succession of powerful Begums who ruled Bhopal from 1819 to 1926.  Equally impressive is the new city with its verdant, exquisitely laid out parks and gardens, broad avenues and streamlined modern edifices.  It is greener and cleaner than most cities in the country.
Bhopal Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the second highest population. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Bhopal City is 1,795,648. The sex ratio of Bhopal City is 911 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 917 per 1000 boys.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Bhopal district is presented as below.       
Fertility

The Total Fertility Rate for Bhopal city was estimated at 2.4 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 28.5% only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 58%. Further as high as 46% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 3.1%.
68% reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization - 39% and condoms as 18%. The use of IUD was just 1.7% and pills 5%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 4%. The total unmet need for family planning was 16%, 8% for both spacing and limiting.
Ante Natal Care

Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 95%, only 29% had full ANC. Around 57% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 95%, BP taken 91%, blood examination for Hb 90%, underwent ultrasound 71%. Though 83% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 33%.
Delivery Care

About 90% of deliveries in Bhopal were conducted in institutions, of which 58% were in Government institutions and 33% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 8% of which 64% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 38%, the two-third being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 26% of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 91% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 52% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and 85% of mothers availed financial assistance for government institutional delivery.

JABALPUR
Jabalpur  is one of the major million plus cities of Madhya Pradesh state in India. It is the third largest urban agglomeration in Madhya Pradesh and the 38th largest urban agglomeration in India as per the 2011 census statistics.
Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district (the second most populous district of Madhya Pradesh) and Jabalpur division. Jabalpur also is the headquarter of the Electricity Board of state Madhya Pradesh as well as the High Court of the state Madhya Pradesh is located here.
Jabalpur is known for its picturesque marble rock formations across the banks of the river Narmada. Being the army headquarters of five states (Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha, Bihar and Jharkhand), one sixth of the city is occupied by the Indian Army.
The population of Jabalpur city is 1,054,336. The sex ratio of Jabalpur city is 929 females per 1000 males. As per Census 2011, the child sex ratio is 901 per 1000 boys.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Jabalpur district are presented as below.       
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Jabalpur city was estimated at 3.4 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 22% only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 56%. Further as high as 40% of births had interval of 36 months or more.  The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 2.2%.
About 57% reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization 40% and condoms as 11%. The use of IUD was just 1.1% and pills 3.3%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 7%. The total unmet need for family planning was 19%, 9% each for spacing and 10% for limiting.

Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 96%, only 25% had full ANC. Around 42% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 96%, BP taken 90%, blood examination for Hb 82%, underwent ultrasound 61%. Though 95% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more were only 26%.

Delivery Care
About 85% of deliveries in Jabalpur were conducted in institutions, of which over 46% were in Government institutions and 39% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 15% of which 35% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 57%, of these 72% being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 10% of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 85% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 43% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries under JSY and over half among those were who delivered at Govt. Institutions and got such benefits.

GWALIOR

Gwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh, lying 122 kilometres south of Agra, and 423 kilometers north of Bhopal, the state capital. It is 40th among Indian cities. Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India, and the city and its fortress have served as the center of several of historic northern Indian kingdoms. Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division. 
Gwalior is the fourth largest city of Madhya Pradesh and is often referred to as the tourist capital of the state. Gwalior was the capital of Madhya Bharat [1947-1956] before the creation of the Madhya Pradesh state.
The Gwalior city is among the top four cities of the state in terms of total population.  As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Gwalior City in 2011 is 1,053,505; of which males and females are 560,887 and 492,618 respectively. The sex ratio of Gwalior city is 878 females per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Gwalior district are presented as below.       

Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Gwalior city was estimated at 3.5 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 25% only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 58%. Further as high as 49% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 2.7%.
About two thirds reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization 36% and condoms as 14%. The use of IUD was less than 1% and pills 3%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 15%. The total unmet need for family planning was 15%, 9% for spacing and 6% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 94%, only 20% had full ANC. Around 51% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 94%, BP taken 87%, blood examination for Hb 81%, underwent ultrasound 67%. Though 68% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 25%.
Delivery Care
About 92% of deliveries in Gwalior were conducted in institutions, of which 57% were in Government institutions and 34% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 8% of which 49% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 44%, 75% being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about one third of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 93% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 53% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries. Those who delivered in Govt. Institutions, 87% received financial assistance under JSY.

   
health � ^ o n x�W Б[ rian cases were as high as 54%, about two third are being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about one half of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 92% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 13% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries. Those who delivered in Govt. Institutions, 64% received financial assistance under JSY.

MEERUT


Meerut is one of the major million plus cities and an administrative headquarters of Meerut district.  It is also an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization having been found in and around the area. The city lies 70 km northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km northwest of the state capital, Lucknow.  It is the second largest city in the National Capital Region of India (the largest being Delhi), the 16th largest metropolitan area and 25th largest city in India. It ranked 292 in 2006 and 242 in 2010 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world. The city covers an area of about 172 km2 while the total area is 198 km2, third largest in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur and Lucknow. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Meerut City in 2011 is 1,309,023; of which males and females are 689,567 and 619,456 respectively. The sex ratio of Meerut City is 898 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Meerut district is presented as below.             
Fertility

The Total Fertility Rate for Meerut city was estimated at 3.4 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 48% only and women with 2 children wanting no more children was as high as 74%. Further as high as 27% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 2.2%.
About 55% reported using any family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization 20% and condom as 17%. The use of IUD was about 1.3% and pills about 3%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 13%. The total unmet need for family planning was 27%, 16% for spacing and 11% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 89%, only 9% had full ANC. Around 36% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 87%, BP taken 50%, blood examination for Hb 31%, underwent ultrasound 43%. Though 60% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 10%.
Delivery Care
About 48% of deliveries in Meerut were conducted in institutions, of which 14% were in Government institutions and 33% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 52% of which 33% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 36%. Of these 76% were conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in only 53% of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 85% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 8% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries. These who delivered at Govt. Institutions 57 percent availed JSY.

ALLAHABAD

Allahabad is another major city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District. It is the second-oldest city in India.  Allahabad is the sixth most populous city in Uttar Pradesh, with an estimated population of 1.12 million living in the city area. Its area is 63.07 km2.  Allahabad is also known as the "city of prime ministers" because post independence 7 out of 13 prime ministers of India belonged to Allahabad ( Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra Shekhar). All these seven leaders were either born in Allahabad, were alumni of Allahabad University, or got elected from a constituency in Allahabad.
As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Allahabad city in 2011 is 1,117094; of which males and females are 601,363 and 515,731 respectively. The sex ratio of Allahabad city is 858 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the maternal health of urban Allahabad district is presented as below.             
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Allahabad city was estimated at 2.8 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 31% only and women with 2 children wanting no more children was as high as 80%. Further as high as 36% of births had interval of 36 months or more the girls marrying below the legal age of 18 years were only 1.2%.
About 59% reported using any modern family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female sterilization 21% and condom as 17%. The use of IUD was just 1% and pills about 1.3%.  The traditional method was reported as being used by 17%. The total unmet need for family planning was 16%, 8% each for spacing and limiting.

Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante natal check up were 89%, only 4.5% had full ANC. Around 29% of pregnant women received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one TT received by 87%, BP taken 64%, blood examination for Hb 55%, underwent ultrasound 58%. Though 53% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 6%.

Delivery Care
About 71% of deliveries in Allahabad were conducted in institutions, of which 15% were in Government institutions and 55% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 29% of which about 43% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 47%, more than 72% being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 46% of the cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 97% mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 11% of mothers availed financial assistance for deliveries. These who delivered at Govt. Institutions 73 percent availed JSY.

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