Maternal
Health of the three major cities of Odisha State of India namely Bhubaneshwar (Khordha
District), Cuttack, Berhampur Town (Ganjam District), have
been discussed here. The State government has proposed to include these six cities in
the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) programme.
BHUBANESHWAR (KHORDHA DISTRICT)
There
is not even a single million plus city in Odisha. Bhubaneshwar Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the highest population. Bhubaneshwar is the capital city of
Odisha and is located in its Khordha
District. This district has the highest
urban population (over 48%). Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as the political capital of the state
of Orissa in 1948, a year after India gained its independence from Britain. Bhubaneswar is categorized as a Tier-2 city.
Bhubaneshwar
(temple city of India) ranks first in the state with the highest urban
population. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its administrative,
trading, tourism based economic activities. An
emerging Information Technology (IT) hub, the boom in the metals and metal
processing industries have made Bhubaneswar one of the fastest developing
cities of India in recent years. Bhubaneshwar is one of the fastest
growing mega cities of the country.
As per provisional reports of Census
India, population of Bhubaneshwar UA is 881,988. The sex ratio of Bhubaneshwar UA /City is 883 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 903 per
1000 boys.
Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, maternal
health of urban Khordha district is
presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Bhubaneshwar UA was estimated at 1.9 which is
broadly equals mean number of children ever born to women age 15-49 years. The
births of order 3 and above were reported by 9.4% only and women with 2
children and wanting no more child was as high as 95%. Further as high as 64%
of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal
age of 18 years were only1.5%.
More than half reported using any
family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female
sterilization - 20% and Pills as 15%. The use of IUD was just 1% and condoms 5%. The traditional method was reported as being
used by 9%. The total unmet need for family planning was 37%, 8% for spacing
and 29% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante
natal check up were 96%, only 37% had full ANC. Around 41% of pregnant women
received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one
TT received by 96%, BP taken 92%, blood examination for Hb 84%, underwent
ultrasound 72%. Though 82% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 40%.
Delivery Care
About 88% of deliveries in Bhubaneshwar were conducted in institutions, of
which 49% were in Government institutions and 37% in private institutions. The
home deliveries were only 12% of which 31% were conducted by skilled health
personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 56%, the three-fourth being
conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because
of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 40% of the cases
the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 91%
mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 81% of mothers availed
financial assistance for government institutional delivery.
CUTTACK
Cuttack is the
headquarters of Cuttack district and is located about 28 km to the north east of Bhubaneswar.
Cuttack is situated strategically at the head of delta. Upland plain and
western Orissa cannot be accessed unless one goes through Cuttack. The city is
pressed in all three sides by river Mahanadi and Kathajodi and it can spread
only in southeast. As it is located in the apex of the Mahanadi delta, the
levees of these rivers are higher in elevation than the city core. The
urbanization of this district is about 28 percent and the same is attributed to
its trading in unique silver filigree works and textiles of woven and tourism based
economic activities.
Till now it is regarded as a commercial capital of Orissa. Cuttack Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the
second highest population. As per provisional reports of Census India,
population of Cuttack UA is 658,986. The sex ratio of Cuttack UA /City is 989 per 1000 males, whereas
Child sex ratio is 914 per 1000 boys.
Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, maternal
health of urban Cuttack district is presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Cuttack
UA was estimated at 2.3 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever
born to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by
15% only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 94%.
Further as high as 51% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls
marrying below the legal age of 18 years were less than 1%.
About three-forth reported using any
family planning method. The most common methods of family planning were female
sterilization - 28% and pills as 12%. The use of IUD was less than 1% and condoms
3.5%. The traditional method was
reported as being used by 29%. The total unmet need for family planning was 13%,
7% for spacing and 6% limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante
natal check up were 97%, only 40% had full ANC. Around 32% of pregnant women
received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one
TT received by 96%, BP taken 93%, blood examination for Hb 90%, underwent
ultrasound 73%. Though 85% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more was only 45%.
Delivery Care
About 85% of deliveries in Cuttack
were conducted in institutions, of which 45% were in Government institutions
and 40% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only 15% of which 35%
were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases were as high as 55%,
over two third being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because
of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about one fourth of the
cases the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 88%
mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly 87% of mothers availed
financial assistance for government institutional delivery.
BRAHMAPUR
Brahmapur (earlier
known as Berhampur) nicknamed "The Silk City", is the
oldest city located in the eastern coastline of Ganjam district of the Indian state of Odisha, about 160 kilometres
south of the state capital, Bhubaneswar. Brahmapur is mainly a trading
centre for Southern Odisha having its influence over eight districts. It
is the fourth largest city of Odisha with population of 307792 in 2001.
The population as per 2011 census is 355,823. It has been declared as a
Class-I Town Category as per 2001 Census as well. The sex ratio of Brahmapur
city is 917 females per 1000 males. As per Census 2011, the child sex ratio is
898 per 1000 boys.
Based on the results of Annual Health
Survey, 2010, maternal health of urban Ganjam
district is presented as below.
Fertility
The Total Fertility Rate for Brahmapur city
was estimated at 2.3 which is broadly equals mean number of children ever born
to women age 15-49 years. The births of order 3 and above were reported by 18%
only and women with 2 children and wanting no more child was as high as 91%.
Further as high as 68% of births had interval of 36 months or more. The girls marrying below the legal age of 18
years were only 4%.
About
50% reported using any modern family planning method. The most common
methods of family planning were female sterilization 34% and pills as 11%. The use
of IUD was just 0.1% and condoms 1.3%.
The traditional method was reported as being used by 2%. The total unmet
need for family planning was 35%, 7% each for spacing and 28% for limiting.
Ante Natal Care
Though mothers receiving any ante
natal check up were 98%, only 31% had full ANC. Around 50% of pregnant women
received ANC from Government sources. Of various components of ANC, at least one
TT received by 97%, BP taken 95%, blood examination for Hb 94%, underwent
ultrasound 66%. Though 89% pregnant women received 3 or more ANCs, those who
consumed IFA for 100 days or more were only 32%.
Delivery Care
About 96% of deliveries in Brahmapur
were conducted in institutions, of which over 62% were in Government
institutions and 33% in private institutions. The home deliveries were only
4.5% of which 56% were conducted by skilled health personnel. Caesarian cases
were as high as 41%, of these 70% being conducted in private institutions.
It is important to note that because
of high demand on beds for institutional deliveries, in about 51% of the cases
the stay in the hospital after delivery was less than 24 hours. About 96%
mothers received post natal care and new born were also checked.
Importantly, 85% of mothers availed financial
assistance for deliveries under JSY and higher percentage among those were who
delivered at Govt. Institutions and got such benefits.
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