As per 1901 census,
population residing in urban areas in India was little over 11%.
The ratio was less than 28% in the year 2001 and in 2011 over 31% of its people
resides in urban towns and cities. Mumbai is the most populous city in India, and the
fourth most populous city in the
world, with a total metropolitan area population
of approximately 20.5 million. Urbanization in India was mainly caused after independence. Economic opportunities are just one reason
people move into cities besides more infrastructure facilities in the urban
areas.
Maharashtra was the most urbanized state in India
till 1991, but stood behind Tamil
Nadu in 2001, with the
urban-total state population ratio. However, Maharashtra's urban population of
41 million, far exceeds that of Tamil Nadu which is at 27 million, as per the
2001 census. At present Delhi has the highest level of urbanization with 97.5%
of its population live in urban areas.
Chandigarh is not far behind as its 97.25% reside in urban part of this
Union Territory of North India. Again in
North India, Himachal Pradesh, hill state, has the least urbanization with
about 10% of its people live in urban towns/cities. Urbanization during the last decade was more
in Southern India as all its major states had quantum jump in share of urban
population, namely Kerala (22%), Andhra Pradesh (6%), Karnataka (5%) and Tamil
Nadu (4%).
Mumbai UA accommodates 18.4 million people, and is the largest
metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with 16.3 million inhabitants. For the
top 20 urban agglomerations in India, the population is given in the following
Table.
Top 20 Urban Agglomerations/Cities in India (Census 2011)
|
|||||||
Rank
|
Agglomerations
/Cities
|
State
|
Population
|
Rank
|
Agglomerations/
Cities
|
State
|
Population
|
1
|
Mumbai
|
Maharashtra
|
18,414,288
|
11
|
Kanpur
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
2,920,067
|
2
|
Delhi
|
Delhi
|
16,314,838
|
12
|
Lucknow
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
2,901,474
|
3
|
Kolkata
|
West Bengal
|
14,112,536
|
13
|
Nagpur
|
Maharashtra
|
2,497,777
|
4
|
Chennai
|
Tamil Nadu
|
8,696,010
|
14
|
Ghaziabad
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
2,358,525
|
5
|
Bangalore
|
Karnataka
|
8,499,399
|
15
|
Indore
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
2,167,447
|
6
|
Hyderabad
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
7,749,334
|
16
|
Coimbatore
|
Tamil Nadu
|
2,151,466
|
7
|
Ahmedabad
|
Gujarat
|
6,240,201
|
17
|
Kochi
|
Kerala
|
2,117,990
|
8
|
Pune
|
Maharashtra
|
5,049,968
|
18
|
Patna
|
Bihar
|
2,046,652
|
9
|
Surat
|
Gujarat
|
4,585,367
|
19
|
Kozhikode
|
Kerala
|
2,030,519
|
10
|
Jaipur
|
Rajasthan
|
3,073,350
|
20
|
Bhopal
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
1,883,381
|
The fastest rate of urbanization has been observed for top three
urban agglomerations in India. Urbanization is taking place at a faster rate in
India. As per report of the technical group on population projections
constituted by the National Commission on Population (May 2006), the
urbanization in India would be 38.8% by the year 2026. According to a survey by UN State of the World
Population report in 2007, by 2030, 40.76% of country's population is expected
to reside in urban areas. India will
lead the world's urban population surge by 2050 as per World Bank. Time will tell whether these projections
would be true. If one fits the trend
line to the data as below, one gets that India may achieve the urbanization of
39.72% by the year 2050 only, if the trend continues.
Census Year
|
1951
|
1961
|
1971
|
1981
|
1991
|
2001
|
2011
|
All-India
|
17.29
|
17.97
|
19.91
|
23.08
|
25.49
|
27.81
|
31.16
|
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