Urbanization in India
has moved from 11% in 1901 to over 31% in 2011. Urbanization in India was mainly had impetus after independence. Economic opportunities are just one reason
people move into cities besides more infrastructure facilities in the urban
areas.
In every census in India, the same definition/ criteria has been
used in order to classify an area as urban and the rest is rural. The areas having municipal corporation(s), nagar
parishad(s), nagar panchayat(s), cantonment board(s) are by default taken ar
urban. Other some areas classified by
none of the above categories are taken as census towns if the area satisfies
all the following criteria:
1.
It has at least one (single) village of more than 5000 population
and the density of the area is at least 400 persons per sq. km.
2.
A minimum of 75% of male working population is in the
non-agriculture sector.
In 2001, there were 3799 statutory towns and 1362
were census towns. Latter the status of a few was changed either by
de-notification or a few were merged into one or other of the existing
statutory towns by the State government (s). Also a
few of the census towns were merged in one or more of the statutory town and
some census towns were retained for the conduct of 2011 census. Now after 2011 census, we have 4041 statutory towns and 3894
are census towns. We have 497 class-I towns i.e. the towns with one hundred
thousand population or more. On
this basis, the population of various districts is being classified as urban or
rural.
It is being believed that urbanization in India is taking place at
a faster rate. As per report of the
technical group on population projections constituted by the National
Commission on Population (May 2006), the urbanization in India would be 38.8%
by the year 2026. According to a survey
by UN State of the World Population report in 2007, by 2030, 40.76% of
country's population is expected to reside in urban areas. India will lead the world's urban
population surge by 2050 as per World
Bank. If one fits the trend line to the
data for the years 1951 to 2011 (given below), one gets that India may achieve
the urbanization of 39.72% by the year 2050 only, if the present trend
continues. Time will tell which one of these
projections would be true.
|
Census Year
|
1951
|
1961
|
1971
|
1981
|
1991
|
2001
|
2011
|
|
All-India
|
17.29
|
17.97
|
19.91
|
23.08
|
25.49
|
27.81
|
31.16
|
The fastest rate of urbanization in India has been observed for the
urban agglomerations of Mumbai in Maharashtra, Delhi and Kolkata in West Bengal.
Mumbai UA accommodates 18.4 million
people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with 16.3 million inhabitants. Kolkata
has 14.1 million inhabitants and the next one is of Chennai in Tamil Nadu with
8.7 millions followed by Bangalore (8.5 millions) in Karnataka. For the top 20 urban agglomerations in India,
the population is given in the following Table.
|
Top 20 Urban Agglomerations/Cities in India (Census 2011)
|
|||||||
|
Rank
|
Agglomerations
/Cities
|
State
|
Population
|
Rank
|
Agglomerations/
Cities
|
State
|
Population
|
|
1
|
Mumbai
|
Maharashtra
|
18,414,288
|
11
|
Kanpur
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
2,920,067
|
|
2
|
Delhi
|
Delhi
|
16,314,838
|
12
|
Lucknow
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
2,901,474
|
|
3
|
Kolkata
|
West Bengal
|
14,112,536
|
13
|
Nagpur
|
Maharashtra
|
2,497,777
|
|
4
|
Chennai
|
Tamil Nadu
|
8,696,010
|
14
|
Ghaziabad
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
2,358,525
|
|
5
|
Bangalore
|
Karnataka
|
8,499,399
|
15
|
Indore
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
2,167,447
|
|
6
|
Hyderabad
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
7,749,334
|
16
|
Coimbatore
|
Tamil Nadu
|
2,151,466
|
|
7
|
Ahmedabad
|
Gujarat
|
6,240,201
|
17
|
Kochi
|
Kerala
|
2,117,990
|
|
8
|
Pune
|
Maharashtra
|
5,049,968
|
18
|
Patna
|
Bihar
|
2,046,652
|
|
9
|
Surat
|
Gujarat
|
4,585,367
|
19
|
Kozhikode
|
Kerala
|
2,030,519
|
|
10
|
Jaipur
|
Rajasthan
|
3,073,350
|
20
|
Bhopal
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
1,883,381
|
Maharashtra was the most
urbanized state in India till 1991, but stood behind Tamil Nadu in 2001, with the urban-total state
population ratio. However, Maharashtra's urban population of 41 million, far
exceeds that of Tamil Nadu which is at 27 million, as per the 2001 census. At
present Delhi has the highest level of urbanization with 97.5% of its
population live in urban areas.
Chandigarh is not far behind as its 97.25% reside in urban part of this
Union Territory of North India.
Again in North India, Himachal Pradesh, hill state, has the least
urbanization with about 10% of its people live in urban towns/cities. Urbanization during the last decade was more
in Southern India as all its major states had quantum jump in share of urban
population, namely Kerala (22%), Andhra Pradesh (6%), Karnataka (5%) and Tamil
Nadu (4%).
The
following table gives the ranking of the various states/Union Territories of
India as per the urbanization in the last two census:
|
State / UT
|
Urbanization in 2001
|
Rank
|
Urbanization in 2011
|
Rank
|
Annual Growth in Urbanization
|
|
NCT of Delhi
|
93.18
|
01
|
97.50
|
01
|
0.4542
|
|
Chandigarh
|
89.77
|
02
|
97.25
|
02
|
0.8036
|
|
Puducherry
|
66.57
|
03
|
68.31
|
05
|
0.2584
|
|
Goa
|
49.76
|
04
|
62.17
|
06
|
2.2516
|
|
Mizoram
|
49.63
|
05
|
51.51
|
07
|
0.3725
|
|
Lakshadweep
|
44.46
|
06
|
78.08
|
03
|
5.7930
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
44.04
|
07
|
48.45
|
08
|
0.9589
|
|
Maharashtra
|
42.43
|
08
|
45.03
|
11
|
0.5965
|
|
Gujarat
|
37.36
|
09
|
42.58
|
12
|
1.3164
|
|
Daman & Diu
|
36.25
|
10
|
75.16
|
04
|
7.5642
|
|
Karnataka
|
33.99
|
11
|
38.57
|
13
|
1.2721
|
|
Punjab
|
33.92
|
12
|
37.49
|
14
|
1.0057
|
|
Andaman & Nicobar
Islands
|
32.63
|
13
|
35.67
|
15
|
0.8948
|
|
Haryana
|
28.92
|
14
|
34.79
|
16
|
1.8651
|
|
West Bengal
|
27.97
|
15
|
31.89
|
18
|
1.3202
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
27.30
|
16
|
33.49
|
17
|
2.0646
|
|
Manipur
|
26.58
|
17
|
30.21
|
20
|
1.2884
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
26.46
|
18
|
27.63
|
22
|
0.4336
|
|
Kerala
|
25.96
|
19
|
47.72
|
09
|
6.2771
|
|
Uttarakhand
|
25.67
|
20
|
30.55
|
19
|
1.7557
|
|
Jammu & Kashmir
|
24.81
|
21
|
27.21
|
23
|
0.9277
|
|
Rajasthan
|
23.39
|
22
|
24.89
|
26
|
0.6235
|
|
Dadra & Nagar
Haveli
|
22.89
|
23
|
46.62
|
10
|
7.3724
|
|
Jharkhand
|
22.24
|
24
|
24.05
|
27
|
0.7855
|
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
20.78
|
25
|
22.28
|
30
|
0.6994
|
|
Arunachal Pradesh
|
20.75
|
26
|
22.67
|
29
|
0.8889
|
|
Chhattisgarh
|
20.09
|
27
|
23.24
|
28
|
1.4672
|
|
Meghalaya
|
19.58
|
28
|
20.08
|
31
|
0.2525
|
|
Nagaland
|
17.23
|
29
|
28.97
|
21
|
5.3335
|
|
Tripura
|
17.06
|
30
|
26.18
|
24
|
4.3756
|
|
Odisha
|
14.99
|
31
|
16.68
|
32
|
1.0740
|
|
Assam
|
12.90
|
32
|
14.08
|
33
|
0.8791
|
|
Sikkim
|
11.07
|
33
|
24.97
|
25
|
8.4744
|
|
Bihar
|
10.46
|
34
|
11.30
|
34
|
0.7754
|
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
9.80
|
35
|
10.04
|
35
|
0.2422
|
It may be observed that, barring UTs and North-Eastern small states,
urbanization growth had been phenomenal in case of Kerala and Goa States of
India and had been least in case of Himachal Pradesh (Hill State) and Madhya
Pradesh.
The rank correlation between the ranks given above is over 0.91
i.e. the ranking had been quite similar.
The correlation between the urban population ratios for the two census
series is also over 0.91. It clearly
depicts that the positive growth in urbanization in all the states has been
more or so of the same order for all the states/UTs of India. Thus urbanization had been almost stable over
the entire area in India over the last one decade.
No comments:
Post a Comment