Thursday, January 24, 2013

Amenities and Living Conditions of four million plus urban agglomerations/cities of Madhya Pradesh State of India


Amenities and Living Conditions of the four major million plus cities of Madhya Pradesh State of India namely Indore, Bhopal, Jabalpur and Gwalior have been discussed here.

INDORE

Indore is the largest city, the commercial capital and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th largest city in the world. Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). 
Indore Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the highest population in the State. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Indore City is 1,960,631. The sex ratio of Indore City is 921 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 886 per 1000 boys.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Indore district are presented as below.               
About 76% households were living in their own houses. A little less than 13% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost 99% households had access to improved sources of drinking water, but 72% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 24% were sharing toilets, still about 3% were defecating in open. About 96% had access to electricity. Though 83% were using LPG for cooking, 14% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 90% had telephones/ mobiles and 20% even had computers.

BHOPAL

Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh.  Bhopal district has the highest urban population (over 80%).  Also Bhopal city is one of the million plus cities of the State. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its administrative, trading, tourism based economic activities. Bhopal is a fascinating amalgam of scenic beauty, old historic city and modern urban planning.  The two lakes of Bhopal still dominate the city, and are indeed its nucleus.  Bhopal today presents a multi-faceted profile;   the old city with its marketplaces and fine old mosques and palaces still bears the aristocratic imprint of its former rulers, among them the succession of powerful Begums who ruled Bhopal from 1819 to 1926.  Equally impressive is the new city with its verdant, exquisitely laid out parks and gardens, broad avenues and streamlined modern edifices.  It is greener and cleaner than most cities in the country.
Bhopal Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the second highest population. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Bhopal City is 1,795,648. The sex ratio of Bhopal City is 911 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 917 per 1000 boys.


Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Bhopal district are presented as below.       

About 73% households were living in their own houses. About 12% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, but 70% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 21% were sharing toilets, still about 11% were defecating in open. About 97% had access to electricity. Though 73% were using LPG for cooking, 16% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 84% had telephones/ mobiles and 20% even had computers.

  
JABALPUR
Jabalpur  is one of the major million plus cities of Madhya Pradesh state in India. It is the third largest urban agglomeration in Madhya Pradesh and the 38th largest urban agglomeration in India as per the 2011 census statistics.
Jabalpur is the administrative headquarters of Jabalpur district (the second most populous district of Madhya Pradesh) and Jabalpur division. Jabalpur also is the headquarter of the Electricity Board of state Madhya Pradesh as well as the High Court of the state Madhya Pradesh is located here.
Jabalpur is known for its picturesque marble rock formations across the banks of the river Narmada. Being the army headquarters of five states (Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha, Bihar and Jharkhand), one sixth of the city is occupied by the Indian Army.
The population of Jabalpur city is 1,054,336. The sex ratio of Jabalpur city is 929 females per 1000 males. As per Census 2011, the child sex ratio is 901 per 1000 boys.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Jabalpur district are presented as below.       

About 78% households were living in their own houses. Only 11% were living in Kutcha or semi-Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, as high as 64% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 22% were sharing toilets, still about 11% were defecating in open. About 96% had access to electricity. Though 64% were using LPG for cooking, 32% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 80% had telephones/ mobiles and 17% even had computers.

GWALIOR

Gwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh, lying 122 kilometres south of Agra, and 423 kilometers north of Bhopal, the state capital. It is 40th among Indian cities. Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India, and the city and its fortress have served as the center of several of historic northern Indian kingdoms. Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division. 
Gwalior is the fourth largest city of Madhya Pradesh and is often referred to as the tourist capital of the state. Gwalior was the capital of Madhya Bharat [1947-1956] before the creation of the Madhya Pradesh state.
The Gwalior city is among the top four cities of the state in terms of total population.  As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Gwalior City in 2011 is 1,053,505; of which males and females are 560,887 and 492,618 respectively. The sex ratio of Gwalior city is 878 females per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Gwalior district are presented as below.       

About 84% households were living in their own houses. Less than 11% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, only 22% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 25% were sharing toilets, still about 15% were defecating in open. Over 97% had access to electricity. Though 65% were using LPG for cooking, 31% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 82% had telephones/ mobiles and 12% even had computers.

Amenities and Living Conditions of million plus urban agglomerations/cities of Chhattisgarh State of India


Amenities and Living Conditions of the one major million plus city of Chhattisgarh State of India namely Raipur, and that of Urban Agglomeration (UA) of Durg-Bhilainagar which is also only one million plus UA in Chhattisgarh in Durg district of the State have been discussed here.

RAIPUR

Only Raipur, Capital city of Chhattisgarh is a million plus city of Chhattisgarh.  It has always been a multicultural city.  Raipur district has the second highest urban population (over 36%) in the State.  This metro city is the administrative headquarters of Raipur District and Raipur Division. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its administrative, trading, tourism based economic activities.  As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Raipur City is 1,010,087. The sex ratio of Raipur City is 945 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 929 per 1000 boys.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Raipur district are presented as below.               

About 73% households were living in their own houses. About 39% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, but about 51% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 13% were sharing toilets, still about 33% were defecating in open. About 97% had access to electricity. Though 51% were using LPG for cooking, 46% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 63% had telephones/ mobiles and 15% even had computers.


DURG-BHILAINAGAR
Urban Agglomeration (UA) of Durg-Bhilainagar is a million plus UA in Chhattisgarh in Durg district of the State.  Durg city has the head quarter of Durg district.  Bhilai Nagar is one of its major cities which is famous for the Bhilai Steel Plant, which is the largest steel plant in India and known for being the only manufacturer of rails in the country used by Indian Railways.  This city is in eastern central India. The city is located 25 kilometres west of the capital Raipur, on the main Howrah–Mumbai rail line, and National Highway 6.

Durg-Bhilai Nagar Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the second highest population in the State. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Bhilai Nagar is 625,697. The sex ratio of Bhilai Nagar is 942 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 917 per 1000 boys.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Cuttack district are presented as below.       

About 72% households were living in their own houses. A little less than 42% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, but 63% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 9% were sharing toilets, still 29% were defecating in open. About 97% had access to electricity. Though 44% were using LPG for cooking, 32% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 65% had telephones/ mobiles and 15% even had computers.

Amenities and Living Conditions of major three urban agglomerations/cities of Odisha State of India


Amenities and Living Conditions of the three major cities of Odisha State of India namely Bhubaneshwar (Khordha District), Cuttack, Berhampur Town (Ganjam District), have been discussed here. The State government has proposed to include these six cities in the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) programme.

BHUBANESHWAR (KHORDHA DISTRICT)

There is not even a single million plus city in Odisha.  Bhubaneshwar Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the highest population. Bhubaneshwar is the capital city of Odisha and is located in its Khordha District.  This district has the highest urban population (over 48%).  Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as the political capital of the state of Orissa in 1948, a year after India gained its independence from Britain. Bhubaneswar is categorized as a Tier-2 city.
Bhubaneshwar (temple city of India) ranks first in the state with the highest urban population. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its administrative, trading, tourism based economic activities. An emerging Information Technology (IT) hub, the boom in the metals and metal processing industries have made Bhubaneswar one of the fastest developing cities of India in recent years.  Bhubaneshwar is one of the fastest growing mega cities of the country. 
As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Bhubaneshwar UA is 881,988. The sex ratio of Bhubaneshwar UA /City is 883 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 903 per 1000 boys.


Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Khordha district are presented as below.           

About 53% households were living in their own houses. About 21% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost 88% households had access to improved sources of drinking water, only 54% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 16% were sharing toilets, still about 18% were defecating in open. About 91% had access to electricity. Though 66% were using LPG for cooking, 26% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 85% had telephones/ mobiles and 24% even had computers.

CUTTACK


Cuttack is the headquarters of Cuttack district and is located about 28 km to the north east of Bhubaneswar.  Cuttack is situated strategically at the head of delta. Upland plain and western Orissa cannot be accessed unless one goes through Cuttack. The city is pressed in all three sides by river Mahanadi and Kathajodi and it can spread only in southeast. As it is located in the apex of the Mahanadi delta, the levees of these rivers are higher in elevation than the city core. The urbanization of this district is about 28 percent and the same is attributed to its trading in unique silver filigree works and textiles of woven and tourism based economic activities.  Till now it is regarded as a commercial capital of Orissa. Cuttack Urban Agglomeration (UA) has the second highest population. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Cuttack UA is 658,986. The sex ratio of Cuttack UA /City is 989 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 914 per 1000 boys.

 

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Cuttack district are presented as below.       

About 59% households were living in their own houses. A little less than 21% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost 89% households had access to improved sources of drinking water, only 37% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 16% were sharing toilets, still about 21% were defecating in open. About 98% had access to electricity. Though 50% were using LPG for cooking, 36% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 83% had telephones/ mobiles and 12% even had computers.


BRAHMAPUR 
Brahmapur (earlier known as Berhampur) nicknamed "The Silk City", is the oldest city located in the eastern coastline of Ganjam district of the Indian state of Odisha, about 160 kilometres south of the state capital, Bhubaneswar.  Brahmapur  is mainly a trading centre for Southern Odisha having its influence over eight districts.  It is the fourth largest city of Odisha with population of 307792 in 2001.  The population as per 2011 census is 355,823.  It has been declared as a Class-I Town Category as per 2001 Census as well.  The sex ratio of Brahmapur  city is 917 females per 1000 males. As per Census 2011, the child sex ratio is 898 per 1000 boys.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Ganjam district are presented as below.
About 74% households were living in their own houses. Only 9% were living in Kutcha or semi-Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, as high as 25% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 3.5% were sharing toilets, still about 24% were defecating in open. About 97% had access to electricity. Though 68% were using LPG for cooking, 29% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 85% had telephones/ mobiles and 7% even had computers.



Amenities and Living Conditions of major urban agglomerations/cities of Rajasthan State of India


Amenities and Living Conditions of the six major cities of Rajasthan State of India namely Jaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Udaipur and Bikaner have been discussed here. These cities are being covered under the SURAJ project as well as by the Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project (RUIDP) funded by Asian Development Bank.

JAIPUR

Jaipur is known as one of the first planned cities of India.  Jaipur ranks first in the state with the highest urban population. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its administrative, trading, tourism based economic activities. Jaipur is one of the fastest growing mega cities of the country.  There are three million plus cities in Rajasthan, of which Jaipur city has the highest population. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Jaipur is 3,073,350. The sex ratio of Jaipur city is 898 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio is 854 per 1000 boys.


Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Jaipur district are presented as below.                
About 78% households were living in their own houses. More than 10% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, only 58% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 25% were sharing toilets, still about 11% were defecating in open. About 99% had access to electricity. Though 77% were using LPG for cooking, 21% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 92% had telephones/ mobiles and 20% even had computers.


KOTA

 

The Kota city is situated on the bank of Chambal River. It is one of the most industrialized districts of the state. Kota is a part of the southeastern region of Rajasthan, known as Hadoti. It has earned the reputation as one of the prime educational hubs of the country. Thousands of students across the country and abroad come to study in different academic institutions of the city every year.
The Kota city is among the top three cities of the state in terms of total population. Kota is one of the developing cities of Rajasthan. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Kota city in 2011 is 1,001,365; of which males and females are 529,795 and 471,570 respectively. The sex ratio of Kota city is 890 females per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Kota district are presented as below.       
About 72% households were living in their own houses. Less than 7% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, only 63% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 36% were sharing toilets, still about 13% were defecating in open. Over 99% had access to electricity. Though 81% were using LPG for cooking, 16% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 90% had telephones/ mobiles and 15% even had computers.

AJMER

The historic city of Ajmer is situated in the geographic centre of Rajasthan and lies about 135 kms South-west of Jaipur. Ajmer is an important tourist destination from historic and pilgrimage aspect. The Dargah of Khwaja Mouinuddin Chisti in Ajmer is one of the most sacred pilgrimage centres for Muslims. The population of Ajmer city is 542,580. The sex ratio of Ajmer city is 946 females per 1000 males. As per Census 2011, the child sex ratio is 884 per 1000 boys.


Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Ajmer district are presented as below.             
About 78% households were living in their own houses. Only 2% were living in Kutcha or semi-Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, as high as 90% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 18% were sharing toilets, still about 10% were defecating in open. About 98% had access to electricity. Though 73% were using LPG for cooking, 25% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 90% had telephones/ mobiles and 16% even had computers.

JODHPUR

The Jodhpur district is situated in western part of Rajasthan.  Jodhpur is the third most industrialized district in Rajasthan.  Jodhpur is the second largest city in Rajasthan, after Jaipur. The city is known as the "Sun City"(Surya Nagri) for the bright, sunny weather it enjoys all the year. The city has been developed in and around fort. The city is encompassed by wall, 10 km long with 8 gates and innumerable bastions. This development was not planned, therefore, the old city area is very congested and haphazardly grown and hence there were many urban problems like narrow lanes, high density, etc. The old city is mainly developed inside the walled city. City is considered to be one of major tourists spot in the Rajasthan state. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Jodhpur city in 2011 is 1,033,918; of which males and females are 544,057 and 489,861 respectively. The sex ratio of Jodhpur city is 900 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Jodhpur district are presented as below.             

About 81% households were living in their own houses. More than 5% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, about 93% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 57% were sharing toilets, still about 7% were defecating in open. About 99% had access to electricity. Though 77% were using LPG for cooking, 22% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 91% had telephones/ mobiles and 17% even had computers.

UDAIPUR

Udaipur city of Rajasthan is known by several epithets like, “City of Lakes”, “City of Gardens”, and “Venice of the East”. It is surrounded by hills of Aravali Range on all sides. Udaipur is the sixth largest city of Rajasthan. Situated in northeastern part of Girwa Tehsil of Udaipur district, Udaipur is historically and geographically the heart of erstwhile Mewar State. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Udaipur city in 2011 is 451,735; of which males and females are 234,681 and 217,054 respectively. The sex ratio of Udaipur city is 925 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Udaipur district are presented as below.   
About 74% households were living in their own houses. About 4% were living in Kutcha or Semi-Kutcha houses. Almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water. Further 96% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 28% were sharing toilets, still about 5% were defecating in open. About 99% had access to electricity. Though 79% were using LPG for cooking, 17% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 95% had telephones/ mobiles and 28% even had computers.          



BIKANER

Bikaner is famous for its camel research farm, "Bikaneri Bhujia, wool production, sweets etc. It is also known for its handicrafts and leather articles, for its palaces and for having Asia's biggest camel farm. Bikaner is situated on the North-West of Rajasthan. Total area under Bikaner district is of about 28,466 sq.km. Bikaner is basically an agricultural district. Bikaner is one of the important tourist spots of Rajasthan.  In 1991 population of the city was 4.16 lakh which has now increased to 5.29 lakh in 2001. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Bikaner in 2011 is 647,804. The sex ratio of Bikaner city is 900 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Bikaner district are presented as below.             
About 83% households were living in their own houses. About 4% were living in Kutcha or Semi-Kutcha houses. Almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water. Further 93% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 15% were sharing toilets, still about 4% were defecating in open. About 97% had access to electricity. Though 74% were using LPG for cooking, 23% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 89% had telephones/ mobiles and 16% even had computers.

Amenities and Living Conditions of six million plus urban agglomerations/cities of Uttar Pradesh State of India


Amenities and Living Conditions of the six major million plus urban agglomerations/cities of Uttar Pradesh (UP) State of India have been discussed here.  These are Lucknow, Kanpur, Meerut, Agra , Allahabad and Varanasi. The six major cities of UP namely Lucknow, Kanpur, Meerut, Agra , Allahabad and Varanasi are the major parts of the mentioned respective urban agglomerations. These six cities together account for about one fourth of urban population of UP.

LUCKNOW

Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh.  It has always been a multicultural city.  Lucknow district has the second highest urban population (over 66%) in the State.  Also Lucknow city is one of the six million plus cities of the State. This metro city is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division. The high rate of urbanization is attributed to its administrative, trading, tourism based economic activities.  As per provisional reports of Census India,   population of Lucknow City is 2,815,601. The sex ratio of Lucknow City is 915 per 1000 males, whereas Child sex ratio is 901 per 1000 boys. About 43.48% population of Lucknow is urban. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Lucknow City in 2011 is 2,815,601; of which male and female are 1,470,133 and 1,345,468 respectively. Although Lucknow city has population of 2,815,601; its urban / metropolitan population is 2,901,474 of which 1,518,951 are males and 1,382,523 are females. 

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Lucknow district are presented as below.          
About 70% households were living in their own houses. About 9% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, but 27% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 18% were sharing toilets, still about 7% were defecating in open. About 97% had access to electricity. Though 81% were using LPG for cooking, 15% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 90% had telephones/ mobiles and 25% even had computers.


KANPUR


Kanpur is the largest city and Industrial Capital of Uttar Pradesh and also is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar and Kanpur Dehat districts and of Kanpur division. It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India.  According to the 2011 Indian census, Kanpur city has a population of 2,767,031 and is the twelfth-most populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometers and a city area of around 829 km2.  As per census 2011, the urban population of Kanpur Nagar district is 3,015,129 which is over 6.78 percent of the total state’s urban population. About 65.93 % population of Kanpur Nagar is urban.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Kanpur district are presented as below.       
About 66% households were living in their own houses. A little less than 19% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost 99% households had access to improved sources of drinking water, but 7% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 34% were sharing toilets, still over 7% were defecating in open. About 94% had access to electricity. Though 74% were using LPG for cooking, 17% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 83% had telephones/ mobiles and15% even had computers.

AGRA

Agra is one of the major one and a half million plus cities of Uttar Pradesh state in India. It is the fourth largest urban agglomeration in Uttar Pradesh as per the 2011 census population statistics.  Agra, the former capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in state of Uttar Pradesh.  It is 363 kilometres west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres south of the national capital, New Delhi. Because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India.  The population of Agra city is 1,574,542. The sex ratio of Agra city is 853 females per 1000 males. As per Census 2011, the child sex ratio is 772 per 1000 boys.
Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Agra district are presented as below.             
About 88% households were living in their own houses. Only 1% were living in Kutcha or semi-Pucca houses. Though 90 percent households had access to improved sources of drinking water, but only 10% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 22% were sharing toilets, still about 22% were defecating in open. About 99% had access to electricity. Though 70% were using LPG for cooking, 28% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 77% had telephones/ mobiles and 16% even had computers.

VARANASI

Varanasi is another million plus city of the State.  It is head quarter of the Varanasi district and Varanasi Division.  It is also commonly known Banaras and KashiIt is a city situated on the banks of the Ganges in the State and is 320 kilometres southeast of state capital Lucknow. It is regarded as a holy ity by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the oldest in India.
The Varanasi city is among the top six cities of the state in terms of total population.  As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Varanasi City in 2011 is 1,201,815; of which males and females are 636,860 and 564,955 respectively. The sex ratio of Varanasi city is 887 females per 1000 males.


Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Varanasi district are presented as below.             
About 81% households were living in their own houses. Less than 4% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though 94 percent households had access to improved sources of drinking water, but only 11% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 31% were sharing toilets, still about 9% were defecating in open. Over 94% had access to electricity. Though 72% were using LPG for cooking, 23% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 86% had telephones/ mobiles and 14% even had computers.

MEERUT


Meerut is one of the major million plus cities and an administrative headquarters of Meerut district.  It is also an ancient city with settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization having been found in and around the area. The city lies 70 km northeast of the national capital New Delhi, and 453 km northwest of the state capital, Lucknow.  It is the second largest city in the National Capital Region of India (the largest being Delhi), the 16th largest metropolitan area and 25th largest city in India. It ranked 292 in 2006 and 242 in 2010 in the list of largest cities and urban areas in the world. The city covers an area of about 172 km2 while the total area is 198 km2, third largest in Uttar Pradesh after Kanpur and Lucknow. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Meerut City in 2011 is 1,309,023; of which males and females are 689,567 and 619,456 respectively. The sex ratio of Meerut City is 898 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Meerut district are presented as below.             
About 85% households were living in their own houses. More than 11% were still living in Kutcha or Semi Pucca houses. Though almost all households had access to improved sources of drinking water, about 13% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 23% were sharing toilets, still about 6% were defecating in open. About 96% had access to electricity. Though 68% were using LPG for cooking, 31% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 83% had telephones/ mobiles and 16% even had computers.

ALLAHABAD

Allahabad is another major city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District. It is the second-oldest city in India.  Allahabad is the sixth most populous city in Uttar Pradesh, with an estimated population of 1.12 million living in the city area. Its area is 63.07 km2.  Allahabad is also known as the "city of prime ministers" because post independence 7 out of 13 prime ministers of India belonged to Allahabad ( Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Gulzarilal Nanda, Vishwanath Pratap Singh and Chandra Shekhar). All these seven leaders were either born in Allahabad, were alumni of Allahabad University, or got elected from a constituency in Allahabad.
As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Allahabad city in 2011 is 1,117094; of which males and females are 601,363 and 515,731 respectively. The sex ratio of Allahabad city is 858 per 1000 males.

Based on the results of Annual Health Survey, 2010, the amenities and living conditions of urban Allahabad district are presented as below.             
About 82% households were living in their own houses. About 7% were living in Kutcha or Semi-Kutcha houses. Almost all the households had access to improved sources of drinking water, 11% were treating water to make it safer.
Whereas 7% were sharing toilets, still about 11% were defecating in open. About 99% had access to electricity. Though 81% were using LPG for cooking, 13% were still using fire wood/dung cakes/ crop residues for cooking. As high as 93% had telephones/ mobiles and 18% even had computers.

Monday, January 21, 2013

The Way Forward for United Nations Millennium Development Goal on Reduction of Child Mortality


The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals to be achieved by end of 2015 that respond to the world's main development challenges. The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the Millennium Declaration that was adopted by 189 nations-and signed by 147 heads of governments during the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000.
The eight MDGs break down into 21 quantifiable targets that are measured by 60 indicators.  The various MDGs are:
*       Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
*       Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
*       Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
*       Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
*       Goal 5: Improve maternal health
*       Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
*       Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
*       Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
In case of Goal 4 the target is to reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under five and the indicators chosen by the UN are: Infant mortality rate; Under five mortality rate and Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measles.  Global estimates indicate that the neonatal component of deaths in children younger than 5 years (38% in 2000) is increasing. The same is true in case of India too.  Although there are substantial regional variations in these proportions (24% in Africa to 56% in the western Pacific), even in areas with similar neonatal mortality rates (47% in Southeast Asia and 26% in sub-Saharan Africa), it is obvious that the Millennium Development Goal for child survival cannot be met without substantial reductions in neonatal mortality globally. For effective neonatal survival efforts, reasonably accurate information about the causes of deaths is essential.